Assessment Of Chronic Pain - 1329 Words

Assessment Assessment of chronic pain first begins with understanding what chronic pain is. Chronic pain is any pain with or without obvious injury that lasts longer than the expected healing period. Like many chronic diseases, it has periods of remission, an absence of symptoms, and exacerbation, an increase in the severity of the symptoms. A recent study suggested that chronic pain affects about 80% of elders in nursing homes. (Pateinakis, 2013) Proper treatment of chronic pain begins with gathering subjective and objective data about the client’s pain. Before meeting with the client determine rather or not the client is capable of communicating about his or her pain. If the client is aphasic or severely demented, it may be necessary to ask family members and/or caregivers to be present during the interview to help answer questions. Even if the patient is able to communicate effectively, they may be more comfortable with loved ones nearby. Review any comorbidities that may be affectin g the pain or even causing the pain. Also, note all medications the client is currently taking including herbal supplements and over the counter drugs, to prevent polypharmacy or even identify polypharmacy that is occurring already. Next, begin a focused interview. COLDSPA can be used effectively to gather all the specific information about the pain itself. Character is the description of the sign or symptom. Onset is when it began. Location is where is it and if it is localized pain orShow MoreRelatedAssessments Of Chronic Pain And Mental Impairment1769 Words   |  8 PagesAssessments of Chronic Pain and Mental Impairment Introduction The objective of performing an assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis based on the collected data about the patient (Jarvis, 2012). Two important assessments are pain and mental health. This paper will cover both assessments of a female adult patient with chronic pain and an elderly adult patient with mental impairment. Both patients’ health assessment histories, SOAP notes, and summaries of findings will be discussed. The nurseRead MorePain Management For Patients With Acute Or Chronic Illnesses And Assessment Of Pain1186 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Statement Pain is an important concern in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic illnesses and assessment of pain is a critical step to provide good pain management. Pain is the most feared aspect of any illness and it can also impact the quality of life of the individual and management of pain has been recognized as the major health care problem in the United States. Research states that, 65 percent of hospitalized patients report a problem related to pain management (Samuels EckardtRead MorePain And The Long Term Care Facility1224 Words   |  5 PagesPain is one of the most influential symptoms that leads individuals to reach out to health care professionals to seek relief. Pain is subjective and unique to each person. Some individuals may have a higher pain tolerance than others. According to Frandsen (2014), â€Å"Pain is an unpleasant, sensory, emotional sensation associated with actual or potential tissue injury† (p. 889). Pain may be caused by a variety of elements, such as tissue or nerve damage and surgery. There are three main categories thatRead MoreThe Development Of An Integrated Treatment For Veterans With Comorbid Chronic Pain1212 Words   |  5 PagesVeterans with Comorbid Chronic Pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Theoretical Framework Research has observed military personnel and veterans physical and psychological problems individually and mutually. The combination of chronic pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) experienced by veterans has left those individuals with intense pain, distress, restricted lifestyles, and disability. The problem lies within the veterans who are suffering from chronic pain and PTSD. Veterans experienceRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Pain1246 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Pain Assessment There is no way to tell how much pain a person is in and there are no tests that can measure the intensity of the pain at this time, pain is what the patient perceives it to be. According to MedicineNet.com, pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience and often causes severe problems for patients. Chronic pain is widely believed to represent disease itself. It can be made much worse by environmental and psychological factors. Chronic pain persists over a longerRead MoreThe Main Health Issues Of John Ryan1508 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay critically examines the main health issues of John Ryan. Recent referral from a health care team have heightened the need for John Ryan to the community nurse to do a home visit for an initial assessment and review. So, as my first visit to John as a community health nurse it is my role to integrate several nursing skills which includes assessements, carry out direct care, educate John, encourage health improvements and work to gether with other health care professionals to advance healthRead MorePain Perception Of Native Americans1035 Words   |  5 PagesPain Perception in Native Americans The psychological processes in the article include pain perception, and how we as humans perceive pain, how we react to it, and how we adapt to it. The article explains the pain signaling process and how pain can be amplified. For example, when we get pricked by a needle, a signal from our finger ascends through the spinal cord to reach parts of the brain. From there, we perceive pain, then we form a pain experience. Pain perception can be resulting from severalRead MoreDoes Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality of Life1275 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: Does Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality of Life? What is pain? Generally, it is an unpleasant sensory feeling that is triggered by the bodys nervous system in response to an adverse affect and is often categorized as acute or chronic. Because of the many different aspects of pain, it varies from each individual. Experiences that may cause pain in one individual may or may not cause pain at the same level which makes this a highly subjective symptom. PreviouslyRead MorePrevention Of Chronic Disease And Improving Public Health996 Words   |  4 Pagesprevention of chronic diseases and improving public health to name a few. Recognizing that the prevention of chronic disease and promoting population health is the key to controlling health care expenditure, the inclusion of pain management is a positive aspect of the legislation. While chronic pain is not in the top leading chronic diseases, the cost to the health care system is higher than heart disease and diabetes combined.2 This paper will discuss Title IV - Prevention of Chronic Disease andRead MorePain Assessment, Management and Evaluation1327 Words   |  5 Pages ‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ (International association for the study of pain 2014). Pain can be made up of complex and subjective experiences. The experience of pain is highly personal and private, and can not be directly observed or measured from one person to the next (Mac Lellan 2006). According to the agency for health care policy and research 1992, an individuals self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator

Essay on Prejudice and Discrimination in Crash - 964 Words

While the film â€Å"Crash† has several complex characters with storylines that all become interconnected in various ways, the movie is predominantly about how prejudice plays into people’s everyday lives and how such prejudice usually has negative implications. The characters in the film all had their own prejudices, or attitudes judging others in negative ways, which set the stage for discrimination, stereotypes, racism, and scapegoats. Thus, one can see how prejudice plays such a pivotal role in people’s relations with each other. As a result, it is best to analyze this film from a symbolic interactionism point of view by analyzing how the labels the characters encounter in this film affect their perception and in turn create prejudice†¦show more content†¦Daniel suffered individual discrimination from Farhad because Farhad perceived him as Latino, and thus thought he was deceitful and treated him accordingly. Later, when Farhad’s store was tr ashed because someone broke in through the faulty door, Farhad sought revenge on Daniel because he felt that he was responsible for the trashed store. As a result, Daniel became Farhad’s scapegoat for his frustration of having a ruined store because he did not listen to Daniel’s professional opinion. Daniel was not the only victim of racism, Peter and Anthony, two young Black males, were also targets of prejudice and discrimination because of their race. From a symbolic interactionist point of view, these two men were heavily influenced by the stereotypes imposed on them. For example, as Jean and Rick Cabot were walking down the street, Jean got closer to her husband as she passed Anthony and Peter because she prejudged them as criminals and was therefore afraid of them. Anthony complained to Peter about being stereotyped as a gangster or criminal because he is a black male, yet then he and Peter self-fulfill this stereotype by carjacking the Cabot’s car. Tho ugh the movie does not shed light on the topic of why Anthony and Peter choose to make a living off of selling stolenShow MoreRelatedRacial Prejudice And Racism And Prejudice Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesin their lifetime to be considered to fit the characteristics specific to certain groups. When some individuals step out of that barricade of expectations they are looked upon differently and possibly discriminated against by their peers. Racial prejudice and sexism has been a focal point of discussion amongst world leaders and people alike. From the 1900s eras when women could not vote, slavery, the Civil Rights movement, to present day, people (especially minorities) have fought against such actsRead MoreA Sociological Concept Of The Movie Crash894 Words   |  4 Pagespredict the social world in which we live. The movie Crash illustrates through the use of graphic dialogue and cinematography, the seemingly endless and controversial struggles faced by today s stereotypes. These people all have different cultures, ethnicities, and backgrounds and are all brought together by issues of racial discrimination because of their differences. In the movie, all the characters are either victims of prejudice and discrimination or are guilty of it. America is a multiculturalRead MoreRacism in Crash Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics and racial differences are distinguishing traits that keep people in our world apart from each other. Crash is a movie that showcases prejudice and racial stereotypes. The movie is set in Los Angeles which is a city with the cultural mix of almost every ethnicity. Crash is a perfect analogy of how the different people intersect with others in society. The movie crash shows differences between the lives of different people. It displays the interactions of several multiethnic groupsRead MoreCrash Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesCrash Stereotypes are the organizational factors that virtually shape the way we think in 20th century America. They somehow manage to categorize some of lifes most complex matters into nice distinct sections. Classifications and organization, at first glance seem to be useful in distinguishing various aspects of modern life. However, these grouping methods can be very inaccurate, leaving erroneous ideas in the minds of citizens on a global level. Stereotypes, though originating as convenientRead MoreEssay about White People and Black Man1140 Words   |  5 PagesCrash. It is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I think it’s what keeps us apart. That leaves several abstract questions that the film Crash illustrates. What are the origins of personal prejudice? Do individual experiences fuel standing stereotypes? Is it easier to perpetuate existing stereotypes because â€Å"things will never changeRead MoreRacism, Is There A Cure? Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesCURE? Karen Harberson PADM 313 October 23, 2015 I decided to use two chapters from our text book, City Lights – Urban-Suburban Life in The Global Society: Chapter 6 the Ties That bind and Chapter 10 Identity Crisis along with the Movie â€Å"Crash† and â€Å"Crazy Beautiful† and with the book â€Å"Nickel and Dimed†. The purpose is to identify the conflicts whether it be a racial, ethnic, or gender occurrence, and how they form a sense of collective identity about themselves and about the other personRead MoreMovie Scenes Occurred When The Police Officer Spoke With Shaniqua Johnson, An Insurance Agency Supervisor906 Words   |  4 Pagesyou without thinking five or six more qualified white men who didn’t get the job.† The officer is using his prejudices against Mrs. Johnson as the insurance will not pay for another doctor to see his father for diagnosis. The officer explains how his prejudices came about in his childhood. His father owned a small business that employed minorities befor e laws were set of no discrimination and how after treating minorities like any other white person, the minorities were given more preferences inRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis1287 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Haggis’s film â€Å"Crash†, examines characters’ who’s seemingly diametrically opposed views of racial equality cause them to crash into one another. The characters of Officer Ryan and Officer Hanson played by Matt Dillion and Ryan Phillipe are affected when the crash provides them with introspection into to their own prejudice behaviors. The crash breaks up skewed fragments of their beliefs, ideas, and perceptions. Literally, crash means to move with force and speed into an object or obstacle followedRead MoreCrash1243 Words   |  5 PagesCrash Movie Analysis Anjelica McCartney HUM/150 January 18, 2016 Victor Armenta Crash Movie Analysis Discrimination, racism, classism, prejudice and more plague today’s society. These horrible issues do not affect one race, sexes, class, ethnicity, or age group; these issues affect all races, both genders, all ethnicities, and all age groups. For this film analysis, I have chosen to discuss the racism portrayed throughout a three-time Oscar award winning movie called Crash. Summary PaulRead MoreThe Film Crash, Directed By Paul Haggis974 Words   |  4 PagesThe film Crash, written and directed by Paul Haggis, examines racial exchanges in several different ethnic groups living in Los Angeles. As the film move forward, we are able to view how each characters’ own racist experiences change their attitudes towards other races. Paul Haggis illustrates those change through the mood tone, setting, and even the music. By the end of the movie, the audience is left with a feeling of hope and an ambition to examine its own thought and actions towards others

Lean Manufacturing Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Answer: Introduction Al-Efan printing press began its operations in the year 1996, and served many customers in the city of Riyadh. Among hundreds of printers in Saudi Arabia, Al-Efan has a reputation for being one of the leading commercial printing presses of the city (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). It has a pre-press section and post press section to take care of the unique needs of the customers and aspires to be a one-stop solution provider to the customers for concept development, design of graphics, high quality printing on various kinds of papers, post press activities such as binding, folding, sorting, personalization, etc. Al-Efan always benchmarks its services to international standards, but somehow could not achieve its target. The Challenges Though the customers patronized the Al-Efan printing press, the company had various manufacturing defects and delays. The problems nagged the founder and chairman, Al-Abbassi, of the Al-Efan. The press began operations in the year 1996, when the total number of employees that they had was just 12, and now after more than a decade, they have about 75 employees. Even with additions in the workforce, Al-Abassi noticed exorbitantly high wastage of consumables, production defects and delivery errors (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). A sizable amount of paper is discarded as waste after printing, business cards, flyers, brochures, manuals, etc. the number of incidents of the production flaws such as ink spillage, uneven colors, etc. have crept into the production system. In the recent time, in one of the incidence, a wrong consignment has been delivered to the customer, this fault of the company has led them to a huge financial loss as well as a vast decrease in their reputation (Rothenber g Cost, 2004). Specifically, the flexographic label printing division had frequent problems with die changeovers. The works observed that the change of dies took about a minimum of four hours and may extend up to seven hours depending on the complexity of the work or the mess up in the plate loading process. A downtime of five hours is unaffordable to the press due to decrease in the productivity, increase in the cost and loss of reputation among the customers (Uribe, 2008). Because of the above reasons, the companys quality of production as well as their name in the market has been affected a lot. The poor quality of the print production also added cost to the company financially and caused loss of business. Most of their clients came up with a quality issue in the images, banners, flyers etc. that they received from Al-Efan printing press. The printing problems included blurred images, bleeding colors, and fading. Hence, in order to keep themselves going in the market, the management of Al-Efan printing press decided to rectify the problems with including technological solutions along with process improvements (Gehman, 2003). The Solution Al-Abbassi did some research and pondered on the solutions to improve production processes (especially the die/plate changing process) and reduce wastages in a holistic manner. Many colleagues and industry representatives suggested implementing lean manufacturing methods to reduce wastage of resources and time (Rothenberg Cost, 2004). During discussions, it was found that loss of productivity is manifested in many ways. For example, underutilized production capacity of printing machine and overproduction of print materials are forms of waste. The founder was not aware that an unused printing machine can be considered as waste if it does not add any value to the customer (Womack Jones, 2003). The founder was impressed by the earlier case studies of the Lean Techniques and decided to implement the system. A brief about Lean The Lean production system adopts a holistic approach rather than solving individual issues. Continuous improvement and respect for employees are the two major principles of Lean management. The system can be implemented in any organization irrespective of the size of the enterprise, in any type of company (even in financial organizations such as HRD Fund are eligible) and in any cultural environment (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). The primary goal of this approach is to eliminate waste and thereby increase productivity. In Lean, waste is not only about the physical residue in production, it also covers equipment, resources, and actions that are of no value to the customer. The approaches of Lean consider people as one of the main ingredients in improving the system. The people must be encouraged, empowered and aided to think creatively and implement the plans cooperatively. The usual punch line of Lean to the employees is do more with less. The principles of Lean are simple to learn and apply, and do not require expensive training and consultations (Sayer Williams, 2012). The recommendation for the LEAN implementation Some of the major Lean management tools are 5S, Total Production Maintenance (TPM), Process Mapping, Kaizen, Just in Time Production, Five Whys, etc. (Business Knowledge Source, 2010). For solving the waste and productivity issues of the Al-Efan printing press, the following steps are recommended (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). At the flexographic printing section the die changing process created bottle neck for the production. In many manufacturing facilities, machine setups create wastes. A typical setup is the preparing a printing equipment or process for starting a printing cycle. And, a setup time is considered as the sum of the time elapsed between the last work and the beginning of the next work due to the preparation for the equipment set up or process (Albert, 2004). In the printing industry, the Lean practice has contributed a term called SMED (single minute exchange of die), a technique to reduce setup time and make the machine ready for work (Chen Meng, 2010) With combination of the use of ergonomic tools and techniques of 5S (sorting, setting in order, shining, standardizing, sustaining), the SMED may be designed. The SMED will help to reduce the set up time and increase productivity. In many organizations with the use of SMED, the set up time was reduced from hours to few minutes (Chen Meng, 2010). Faster setup time not only reduces downtime but also increases productivity; and when this is applied throughout the organization where multiple printing presses are installed, the gain will be tremendous (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). There are several methods that can be implemented to overcome the quality issue currently faced by the company. For improving the quality of the production such as blurring of the graphics, fading of colors, etc. a TQM (Total Quality Management) may be implemented. The tool of Five Whys is an apt choice to begin the TQM, which promotes a strong prominence of process measurement and control as a medium for uninterrupted improvements (Arumugam Goyal, 2008). Five-Why Analysis helps the TQM team to explore the causes of a problem by making them ask five why questions repeatedly which relates to the problem. The Five Whys technique is helpful to sustain the exploration till the original cause of the problem is identified (Bonacorsi, 2007). A team identified for solving the production issue be involved to carry out the 5 Whys analysis. The questions may include the following. Why the printed document does is smudgy? Why the three colors are not mixed and superimposed appropriately? Why the printing plates are not mounted on the spindle or rollers? Why the tracing notches are not accurately placed on the plates? Why the tracing notches are having flaws? etc. (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007) The answers to these questions will help in understanding of the problem accurately and trigger solutions to the people involved in the production process. Based on the solutions generated by the production team or Lean team, the improvement action must be carried out until the desired results are achieved. The total improvement process may be documented as a guide to other teams and to internalize the learning (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). Hence, this can be a much effective process to enhance the services of the company and will help them gain their position back in the market. The probable takeaways Applying lean manufacturing principles can help the printing press to reduce wastage, inefficiencies and costs. There has been a lot of wastages after every printing consignment. Hence, lean manufacturing principles will help in controlling them to a huge extent. In fact, it is one of the most effective ways to reduce wastages in the printing industry and has been used by many printing companies throughout the world. In order to avoid the production bottlenecks, the old printers may be replaced with technologically advanced machines and simultaneously, the lean principles have to be practiced (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). There are bright chances that this hybrid approach shall reduce the cycle times, improve production flow that is smooth and continuous, increase capacity utilization, reduce costs and improve profits (Oakland Tanner, 2007). The results of Lean implementation has demonstrated enormous potential for printing organization to reduce set up time (waste), increase ti me available for value-addition, and thereby increase confidence of the employees. Apart from improving efficiency of the manufacturing system, the business as such may experience a surge. In many organizations where Lean is implemented, the organizational culture of the company has dramatically changed. After the implementation of the Lean, managers from different department are likely to communicate often and solve the issues by working together (Shah Ward, 2003). Managers and employees may develop a culture of developing clear schedules and goals in manufacturing. This will help the employees understand the companys goals clearly and will also help them in delivery a quality service to their clients. The practice of Five Whys will deepen the understanding of the organizational issues among the employees. Conclusion One prominent tool the Lean program focuses is 5S implementation in the printing company. The 5S tool is critical for establishing a diagrammatic workplace. The 5S components i.e. sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain has applications in every aspect of the organization and gives a confidence to the managers that any issue can be solved (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). In short, sort helps to align resources and tools; the set in order element brings logical order to the daily operations. The shine principles reminds the employees to follow safety and cleanliness, and the standardization step prompts the people to search for the best practices and preserve it as the cornerstones of performance (McManus, 2008). Finally, the best practices are perpetuated through the regular audits, trainings and self-discipline. References Albert, M. (2004). Setup reduction: At the heart of lean manufacturing. Modern Machine Shop, 76(11), 66-66. Arumugam and Goyal. (2008) Newspaper Aims to Improve Printing: A TQM Case Study. Six Sigma: Quality Resources for Achieving Six Sigma Results, available at https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/capability-indices-process-capability/capability-and-performance/, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Bonacorsi, Steven. (2007). 5 Whys Analysis, Ezinearticles, October 7, 2007. Available at https://ezinearticles.com/?5-Whys-Analysisid=772552, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Business Knowledge Source (2010). Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Available at https://www.businessknowledgesource.com/manufacturing/, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Chen, L., Meng, B. (2010). The application of setup reduction in lean production. Asian Social Science, 6(7), 108-113. Gapp, R., Fisher, R., Kobayashi, K. (2008). Implementing 5S within a Japanese Context: An Integrated Management System,Management Decision. 46(4): 565-579. Gehman C. (2003). Print production workflow: A practical guide. Paramus, NJ: NAPL McManus, Kevin (2008). Top 10 Tips for 5S Success. Great Systems, March 15, 2008. Oakland, J. S., Tanner, S. (2007). Successful Change Management. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 18(1/2), 1-19. doi:10.1080/14783360601042890 Rothenberg, S., Cost, F. (2004). Lean manufacturing in small- and medium-sized printers (PICRM-2004-04). Rochester, NY: Printing Industry Center at RIT. Sayer, N., Williams, B. (2012) Lean for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sones, Inc. Shah R, and Ward P T (2003). Lean manufacturing: Context, Practice Bundles, and Performance. Journal of Operations Management. 21: 129149. Uribe, J. (2008). Print productivity: a systems dynamics approach (PICRM-2008-05). Rochester, NY: Printing Industry Center at RIT. Womack, J., Jones, D. (2003). Lean thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation. New York: Free Press.

Grief Paper free essay sample

Disenfranchised grief is described as grief that cannot be openly expressed to others. It is a grief that society does not acknowledge or accepts. The grief or sadness can be uncomfortable to others. Examples of disenfranchised grief; loss of a limb, loss of a pet also a loss of a job. The grief reactions from death of a spouse is considered â€Å"normal† grief. But the death of an ex spouse can be considered a disenfranchising grief. I will discuss the loss of an ex spouse, analyze factors that disenfranchise the loss as well as the ways the loss complicates grief. What happens when ones ex spouse dies? Do you attend the funeral services, takes days off from work or cry? Society does not regcnoize nor accept ex spousal death as normal or shall I say should not be talked about. There have been little research conducted supporting the grieving patterns of the loss of an ex spouse. We will write a custom essay sample on Grief Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Losing an ex- spouse can be rewarding for some but very painful for others. The grieving process will depend on the circumstances and the relationship between the former spouses. A major complicating factor of ex- spousal death, in my opinipon is divorce. Divorce is also considered a disenfranchised grief. According to the Census Bureau, the median age at first marriage has risen from 23 for men and 20 for women in 1950 to 28 for men and 26 for women in 2009. Recent surveys have shown that divorce rates in the US now lowering due to factors such as completing college, starting careers, and finding the right person to marry. With that being stated divorce still happens among marriages and it affects more than just two people, children, friends, and even pets. Doka (1986) conducted in-depth interviews with eight surviving ex-spouses focusing on grief reactions to divorce and death and social dislocations adding to bereavement when death follows divorce. Guilt, anger, regret, role ambiguity, and discomfort were found in response to the divorce and death. Doka (1986) emphasized that although divorce ends a marriage, it does not end the relationship between the two persons. Former spouses maintain significant bonds including continued contact with shared children and mutual friends, as well as economic ties such as alimony, child support, and joint property. Continued emotional ties are also common as former spouses may have strong ambivalent feelings toward one another or even harbor fantasies of reconciliation. Doka (1986) found that half of his participants had experienced no significant grief reaction or social difficulties following the death. He attributed this to the fact that, prior to the death, these individuals had successfully resolved their divorce grief and disengaged from their ex-spouse. In contrast, the other half of the participant group experienced significant grief over the death, primarily because they had not yet resolved their pain and grief over the divorce. Doka (1986) found that the most common emotions experienced by the bereaved ex- spouses in his study were intense guilt and regret, as well as continued thoughts about what might have been. In the conclusion of the study he concluded that the level of grief experienced by a surviving ex-spouse is affected by a variety of complex factors. What are the next steps after the death of an ex- spouse? There is not just one correct answer to that question. Everyone is entitled to a healthy grieving process. Whether the death is accepted in society or not every individual should have the right to grieve the persons they loved. There are various ways to cope with grief and it will vary from person to person. Grief and bereavement groups, friends, family and even professional therapy are all ways an individual can use as coping strategies after a death occurs. Grief groups are known to be effective after losing a spouse. At the time of a death you may not realize that there are other people who experiencing the same grief, grief groups are a good way to receive help as well as educating yourself and others. Creating new hobbies or goals are great coping mechinisms as well for those grieving indiviuals. Being active with family and friends can aslo help cope during this difficult time. References Doka, K. (1986). Loss upon loss: The impact of death after divorce

Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs

For the past fifteen years, professionals have made a lot of effort to encourage women to go for top management jobs. Research has proved that a myriad of women are unwilling to take up senor positions despite their qualifications. There has been a lot of optimism during this period. However, nothing has been forthcoming, even though this gender makes close to a half of the workforce in the world (Bauer 2011).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Why are many women then unwilling to go for the top jobs in large numbers as would be expected? There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, stereotyping is one such that many women at the top have to face. This stereotype could be implied or outright in some cases. Apart from deterring many women from rising through the ranks, stereotyping discourages the top crà ¨me of women from clingi ng to these positions as long as their male counter parts would remain. Most women in these executive positions simply give up and quit. Others would prefer to take it out on the husband, belittling the role that the woman he has married plays in the relationship. For example, most of these stereotypes may very well claim that such women have very little to do with the way their children are raised (Bolton, 2008) As a result, the standing of an executive woman in a family set up is at stake. In an article about a woman executive at PepsiCo in North America, we encounter a company with a strong corporate culture. The woman’s name is Brenda Barnes and she rises to the level of president in charge of North America at PepsiCo. The article presents her busy schedule, waking up as early at a half past three in the morning to start work. The writer also narrates how she cares for her children before going off to work. There is also a vivid description of how during the day she parti cipates actively in running the company before going back home to her family. Barnes also makes a lot of sacrifices by moving around whenever her job requires her to. She even becomes a potential replacement for the company’s president but chooses to leave her position due to pressure to fulfill her domestic obligations (Tischler, 2004).Advertising Looking for critical writing on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper does not mention Barnes’ husband. This shows how feminist this article is with regard to its view towards men, also, the house’s help or any other person who assisted her with taking care of the children. Instead, the paper presents her as taking the center stage and doing everything to do with family on her own. There may also have to be some men or a man who assisted her during her stay at the top of the company even though most men are sexist. The writer goes on to tell us that Barnes is still happy with her decision to quit her job six years down the line (Tischler, 2004). This article exposes the challenges that women encounter during the period that they are in executive positions. It gives an insight into this scenario, even though the article too much emphasis on the woman’s role both at home and work. One thing is clear though: women face a lot more challenges at the top compared to men. References Bauer, G. (2011). Women in Executive Power (1st edition ed.). New York: Routledge. Bolton, M. K. (2008). The talent stampede: why executive women leave corporate America and how to retain them. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Tischler, L. (2004). Where Are the Women? Fast Company 1-2. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/48593/where-are-women This critical writing on Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs was written and submitted by user Judah V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Willa Cather, American Author

Biography of Willa Cather, American Author Willa Cather (born Wilella Sibert Cather; December 7, 1873–April 24, 1947) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American writer who gained acclaim for her novels capturing the American pioneer experience. Fast Facts: Willa Cather Born:  December 7, 1873 in Back Creek Valley, Virginia, USADied:  April 24, 1947 in New York City, New York, USAOccupation:  Author and journalistEducation: University of Nebraska–LincolnSelected Works: My ntonia (1918), O Pioneers! (1913), Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927), One of Ours (1922)Key Accomplishment: 1923 Pulitzer Prize for One of OursFamous Quote:  There are only two or three human stories, and they go on repeating themselves as fiercely as if they had never happened before. (from O Pioneers!) Early Life on the Prairie Willa Cather was born on the farm of her maternal grandmother, Rachel Boak, in the poor farming region of Back Creek Valley, Virginia, on December 7, 1873. The oldest of seven children, she was the daughter of Charles Cather and Mary Cather (nà ©e Boak). Despite the Cather family having spent several generations in Virginia, Charles moved his family to the Nebraska frontier when Willa was nine years old. After spending about eighteen months attempting to farm in the community of Catherton, the Cathers moved into the town of Red Cloud. Charles opened a business for real estate and insurance, and the children, including Willa, were able to attend formal school for the first time. Many of the figures in Willa’s early life would appear in fictionalized form in her later novels: most notably her grandmother Rachel Boak, but also her parents and her friend and neighbor Marjorie Anderson. As a girl, Willa found herself fascinated by the frontier environment and its people. She developed a lifelong passion for the land and befriended a wide array of the area’s residents. Her curiosity and interest in literature and language led her to forge connections with immigrant families in her community, especially older women who remembered the â€Å"Old World† and who delighted in telling young Willa their stories. Another of her friends and mentors was the local doctor, Robert Damerell, under whose guidance she decided to pursue science and medicine. Student, Teacher, Journalist Willa attended the University of Nebraska, where her career plans took an unexpected turn. During her freshman year, her English professor submitted an essay she had written on Thomas Carlyle to the Nebraska State Journal, which published it. Seeing her name in print had a huge impact on the young student, and she shifted her aspirations immediately towards becoming a professional writer. While at the University of Nebraska, Willa immersed herself in the world of writing, particularly journalism, although she also penned short stories. She became the editor of the university’s student newspaper while also contributing to the Journal and to the Lincoln Courier as a theatre critic and columnist. Quickly, she gained a reputation for her strong opinions and sharp, intelligent columns, as well as for her dressing in masculine fashions and using â€Å"William† as a nickname. In 1894, she graduated with her B.A. in English. In 1896, Willa accepted a position in Pittsburgh as writer and managing editor for Home Monthly, a women’s magazine. She continued to write for the Journal and the Pittsburgh Leader, mostly as a theatre critic, while running Home Monthly. During this period, her love for the arts brought her in contact with Pittsburgh socialite Isabelle McClung, who became her lifelong friend. After a few years of journalism, Willa stepped into the role of teacher. Fom 1901 to 1906, she taught English, Latin, and, in one case, algebra at nearby high schools. During this time, she began publishing: first a book of poetry, April Twilights, in 1903, and then a short story collection, The Troll Garden, in 1905. These caught the eye of S.S. McClure, who, in 1906, invited Willa to join the staff of McClure’s Magazine in New York City. Literary Success in New York City Willa was extremely successful at McClure’s. She ghostwrote a notable biography of Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy, which was credited to researcher Georgine Milmine and published in several installments around 1907. Her position as managing editor earned her prestige and the admiration of McClure himself, but it also meant that she had significantly less time to work on her own writing. On the advice of her mentor Sarah Orne Jewett, Willa left the magazine business in 1911 to focus on fiction. Although she no longer worked for McClure’s, her relationship with the publication continued. In 1912, the magazine published, in serial, her first novel, Alexander’s Bridge. The novel was well-reviewed (although Willa herself would, later in life, consider it a more derivative work than her later novels). Her next three novels cemented her legacy. Her â€Å"Prairie Trilogy† consisted of O Pioneers! (published in 1913), The Song of the Lark (1915), and My ntonia  (1918). These three novels centered on the pioneer experience, drawing on her childhood experiences of life in Nebraska, the immigrant communities she loved there, and her passion for the untamed land. The novels included some autobiographical elements, and all three were celebrated by critics and audiences alike. These novels shaped her reputation as a writer who used plain but beautiful language to write thoroughly American romantic literature. Dissatisfied with her publisher’s lack of support for her novels, Willa began publishing short stories with Knopf in 1920. She would eventually publish sixteen works with them, including her 1923 novel One Of Them, which won the 1923 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel. A subsequent book, 1925’s Death Comes for the Archbishop, also enjoyed a long legacy. At this point in her career, Willa’s novels were beginning to move away from epic, romantic tales of the American prairie to stories that leaned into the disillusionment of the post-World War I era. Later Years As the 1930s rolled around, literary critics soured on Willa’s books, criticizing them for being too nostalgic and not contemporary enough. She continued to publish, but at a much slower pace than before. During this time, she received honorary degrees from Yale, Princeton, and Berkeley. Her personal life also began to take a toll. Her mother and the two brothers with whom she was closest all passed away, as did Isabelle McClung. The bright spot was Edith Lewis, the editor who was her closest companion from the early 1900s until her death. Scholars are divided as to whether or not the relationship was romantic or platonic; Willa, a deeply private person, destroyed many personal papers, so there is no certain evidence either way, but scholars of queer theory have often interpreted her works through the lens of this partnership. Willa’s personal life remained something she kept closely guarded, even after her death. Willa despaired over the coming conflicts of World War II, and she began to have issues with an inflamed tendon in her writing hand. Her final novel, Sapphira and the Slave Girl, was published in 1940 and marked a significantly darker tone than her previous works. In 1944, the National Institute of Arts and Letters awarded her the gold medal for fiction as a mark of her lifetime of literary achievement. In her final years, her health began to decline, and on April 24, 1947, Willa Cather died of a cerebral hemorrhage in New York City. Legacy Willa Cather left behind a canon that was both plainspoken and elegant, accessible and deeply nuanced. Her portrayals of immigrants and women (and of immigrant women) have been at the center of much modern scholarship. With a style that encompassed sweeping epics along with realistic depictions of frontier life, Willa Cather’s writings have become iconic pieces of the literary canon, both in America and worldwide. Sources Ahearn, Amy. Willa Cather: A Longer Biographical Sketch. Willa Cather Archive, https://cather.unl.edu/life.longbio.html.Smiley, Jane. Willa Cather, Pioneer. The Paris Review, 27 February 2018, https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/27/willa-cather-pioneer.Woodress, James.  Willa Cather: A Literary Life. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.

British Prime Ministers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Prime Ministers - Coursework Example This essay discusses how the British Prime Ministers in recent reign used different styles of leadership in strengthening their position, as well as their weaknesses. Each Prime Minister used different leadership style, each of which greatly impacted the decision making process to the main issues and policies (Heffernan 2005, p. 605). Fundamentally, the Prime Minister may be considered free of political influences, hence, influence by the common majority. The five prime Ministers considered here are Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Gordon Brown, Tony Blair and David Cameron. Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher won three victories in the general election between 1983 and 1987, where she enjoyed the majority of the large commons. She was referred as a mobilizer and innovator. Thatcherism is a term coined from the neo-liberal economic mission and policies that she used in restoring Britain. This extends to include the aggressiveness and militant bearing of the prime minister. The leadership style was personal in nature where the prime minister dominated the cabinet. The aggressive leadership style enabled her to be vigorous and thorough, and not an authoritarian. Despite the endless accusations of Margaret Thatcher leadership, her leadership was the most dominant. Some critics argue that she was dictatorial, and this is considered unfair. Her perfectionism drive instilled the desire control in her. This style of leadership coupled with challenges in delegation is related to issues of gender. The vulnerability as the first female prime minister in UK sharpened her urge to control. Thatcher alleged the masculine leadership style never deterred her from exploitation of her status as a female. The cabinets consisted of exclusively male ministers, and this further emphasizes on the exemplary position held by the Prime Minister. The leadership style by Thatcher was characterized by a high degree of skills in switching between the genders roles, and hence considered an expert gender-bender. Her toughness enabled her confound her male colleagues. When n ecessary, Thatcher used her feminine charms to enable her get away with the political stratagems and ploys (Nunn 2002, p. 56). She was most concerned with her appearance especially her clothes and hair. She relished and loved her leadership as the British prime minister. John Major John Major was a British conservative and a politician. He served as the British Prime Minister from 1990 t0 1997. Though Major was a more disappointment when compared to Thatcher, he was the most preferred as the successor of Margaret Thatcher. His leadership style stark-contrasted to that of his predecessor, Margaret Thatcher and had a more inclusive cabinet. Some of his successes include signing of agreements with European Unions and bring IRA ceasefire that established the Good Friday Agreement. The accusations on government sleaze and the party divisions dogged his premiership. The 1995 criticisms of his leadership compelled him take the unprecedented step of resigning as the leader of his party. Des pite his victory, he remained unpopular where the party failed in uniting behind him (Heppell 2007, p. 471). His moderate political stance and mild-mannered style enhanced his theoretical placement as conciliatory party leader. He did not succeed in uniting the Euro-rebels. It was during his premiership that the economy in Britain recovered from 1990-1992 recessions. The prime Minister maintained low profile after leaving the office (Heppell 2007, p. 473). Tony Blair Tony Blair served as British Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007. He is among the highly respected leaders worldwide. Sources indicate that Blair was self-centered and

Software to Support Assessment of the Comprehensive Classroom Essay

Software to Support Assessment of the Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan - Essay Example I am supposed to click to and fro through many pages. I am forced to look at pictures of commodities whether I want to or not, whilst attempting to find the product that I need. As a student, I am bound to figure out that the design of this website is flat. Whilst the criteria are split into sub-segments, these sub-segments are not visually identified in navigation. Therefore, in the organization platform section, there is not a single item in the look of the course-plotting links to inform the student that all administration platforms are a different sub-segment from other types of administration platforms. Additionally, varying commodities exhibited and sold on this website are supposed to be the leading items even if it means navigating through this website through the â€Å"all† criterion. Every sub-segment is supposed to have its individual color piece so that it is distinct where the student is on the website (Williams, Boone and Kingsley, 2004, p. 213). Adding a â€Å" quick search† section would enable a student to simply list all commodities or services on one page. Utilizing the uncomplicated visual technology, it is likely to have the picture for every commodity come forth when the cursor is moved above the product. Visual recognition is still existent. The stocking of the commodity is slow and makes the impression of a heavy site. Is a student looks at the home page of a commodity’s criterion; there is a huge chance that they will look at the following page. Consequently, preloading the pictures for the following pages in the background will be helpful. Such an approach will make the pictures appear on the following pages. The commodity data is surrounded by exceedingly additional visual dialogue. It is similar to attempting to hear trades tone in a noisy room. The segment that deals with the number of people who purchased a certain commodity is very busy and distracts new students (Williams,

Does organic pollution affect E.Coli growth Essay

Does organic pollution affect E.Coli growth - Essay Example The paper tells that biological analysis of water to detect and quantify water pollution is a non-sensitive process. Microbes such as E.coli, which is a fecal contaminant, are able to survive the effects of water pollution through genetic adaptation. The changes in cellular metabolism that take place during this adaptation can be detected at a sensitive level, such as the quantity of E.coli in the water, or the amount of stress proteins being synthesized by the bacteria. Therefore, E.coli can act as a bio-indicator of water pollution. My research question and experiments were designed to study what effects take place on the growth and protein synthesis of E.coli when the bacteria is exposed to environmental stress. The growth of E.coli from lakewater was also compared with that of genetically engineered E.coli DH-5, to determine whether plasmid-mediated mutations assist in the survival of lakewater E.coli under environmental stress. My results showed that DH-5 was inhibited by the po llutant benzene and by high and low pH and temperatures. E.coli from lakewater survived in a greater quantity under these stressors compared t the genetically engineered strain DH-5. Also, the growth of E.coli from lakewater was inhibited to a small extent by the stress of temperature and pH change until a limit. Beyond these limits in the conditions, E.coli could not grow at all. Thus, the adaptation of E.coli to pollution is a characteristic with limitations. In conclusion, the changes in the growth and protein synthesis of E.coli under stress makes it suitable as a bio-indicator of water pollution. Further studies are needed to examine the usefulness of detecting synthesis of specific stress proteins by E.coli as sensitive bio-markers of water pollution. Table of Contents Interest in Topic 5 Introduction 6 Methods 8 Results 12 Discussion, Conclusions and Limitations 13, 14 Images 15 Bibliography 21 Interest in Topic My selection of my research topic is based on my interest in con ducting biological research, my concerns regarding environmental pollution, and my ambition to reduce the consequences of pollution through the results of my research work. I have been highly concerned regarding the many severely polluted water sources in my environment that I have observed. Various unchecked and unregulated commercial and industrial activities near rivers and lakes have released harmful substances into the water, destroying the ecology of these areas. I learned that to prevent and correct these changes, monitoring of the water quality and changes taking place in the aquatic environment are necessary. I have always been fascinated by the science of how some microorganisms work to solve the problem of pollution by producing signals and changes. I was also interested in learning how biological studies are used to derive information and understanding of the many mechanisms happening in our surroundings. After background reading, I developed an interest towards solving the problem of effective biological water analysis, which would

The British Heart Foundation Organisation Marketing Essay

The British Heart Foundation Organisation Marketing Essay The British Heart Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation. We are the UKs largest heart charity (the fifth largest charity in the UK), fighting heart and circulatory disease. Largest funder of research into heart disease in UK. Founded in 1961 Our head office is based in London and there are six regional offices. Employ 1807 staff. Heart and circulatory disease the UKs biggest killer 2.6 million people in UK living with heart disease. Income year ending March 2008 was nearly  £117 million Fund research, education/campaigns raising awareness, life-saving cardiac equipment and through BHF heart nurses, they help support patients suffering from heart disease. BHF has B2B customers, working in partnership with organisations such as Colgate, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Weight Watchers and Scottish and Southern Energy. However, this study will focus on BHFs B2C customers. Number of SBUs trading, Events, VFR, Legacies, Prevention and Care therefore serving multiple customer segments. BHFs target audiences include Heart patients, at-risk groups, health professionals, and children and parents. As with most charities, those donating money, time and support to the BHF are typically 45 plus, ABC12s. 1.2 BHFs Philosophy The philosophy of an organisation refers to its business approach, it is the principles that underlie its whole operation; the philosophy is what guides the organisation. Organisations may operate under one of three philosophies; they may be product, sales or market oriented (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). A product oriented organisation focuses on their existing products, their goal being to produce them as efficiently as possible. There is little, if any, consideration of the needs and wants of their customers or the market. A sales-oriented organisation, although recognising their competition, still devotes little in the way of considering the needs and wants of their customers. The sales-persons role is key and their goals are typically short-term with success being measured in terms of sales (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). A market-oriented organisation holds the customer at the centre of all its activities. In contrast to the sales orientation, where marketing is likely to be restricted to a marketing department, the marketing-oriented philosophy is one that permeates the whole organisation; every department recognises the central importance of the customer. There is an emphasis on understanding their target audiences; identifying their needs and satisfying them. (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). Products and services are developed with the target audience in mind, in fact extensive research into the customer needs and market conditions is conducted to inform the development. Andreasen and Kotler (p38, 2007) Marketing orientation means marketing planning must begin with the target audience, not with the organization The BHF follows a market oriented philosophy, Target audiences are a central focus of the organisation; the organisation only exists as a result of their audience. The focus on their customers is demonstrated not only by their current strategy to make the organisation more relevant to target audiences, but also by their corporate objectives (see appendix 1), which are customer focused; based on fulfilling their needs and attaining a high standard service. The organisation is dedicated to instilling the market-approach organisation-wide, for example internal marketing workshops are frequently held, aimed at the non-marketing departments. Lancaster and Reynolds (2007) claim that to achieve their corporate objectives, the market oriented company must recognise that they do not exist in a vacuum; rather, the external environment is dynamic and constantly changing. Whilst it is essential to identify and anticipate the needs and wants of their target markets, and know how best to respond to these with the most efficient use of the resources available to them, it is important that this is done within the context of their ever-changing external environment and the opportunities and threats it poses. Therefore, for a market-oriented organisation such as the BHF, the role the marketing plan plays is a crucial one. It operationalises the organisations philosophy and ensures the organisation actually is market-oriented and provides a route the organisation can follow to ensure this. As mentioned in 1.1 the marketing plan requires a great deal of research scanning the environment and aiming to meet the customer needs and wants (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). The role of marketing information and research in conducting and analysing the marketing audit The Role of Marketing Information and Research In order for an organisation to operate a market orientation and remain customer-focused, information and research is essential. When undertaken properly it can provide a thorough understanding of target audiences and the micro and macro markets. The findings guide the direction of the marketing plan and with the right information and research subsequent decisions will be informed ones and it will be possible to make more realistic future predictions. Failing to gather data and research poses serious risks; without it an organisation is effectively operating in a vacuum, future decisions are uniformed and there is no customer focus. (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). Collecting Marketing Information There are two ways of collecting marketing information; secondary and primary. Secondary data is information collected for a purpose other than for the current research. External sources of secondary data include third party databases such as keynote and mintel, government statistics, national and trade press and the internet. In addition, there are also a number of internal sources of secondary data, for example a Customer Relations Management (CRM) database providing demographic (age, gender, address, occupation) and lifestyle data (where, what, when and how they buy, how much they spend, religion). Other internal sources include customer complaints, sales reports, personnel, information on their products and services, prices, retailers, internal training of staff, marketing budget/spend, communications spend and results of previous market research studies. Much of this data may be held on a central database The Marketing Information System (MkIS), this can provide substantial inf ormation, fulfilling some research needs, however to obtain bespoke, targeted information to fulfil all research needs primary data is necessary (Taghian and Shaw, 1998) Primary data is data bespoke to the research project. It allows for a more detailed analysis specific to the organization. External sources of primary data interviews, focus groups and surveys. Internal data can be gathered through interviews with staff. Conducting Research within BHF Secondary: OneCRM Third party databases Subscribes to specialist magazines such as ThirdSector, Marketing Week and PR Week Information on external environment. Primary: Recognises importance of bespoke research uses external agencies (FIND NAME RESEARCH NOTES!!). Important to note that there are only 2 other chest and heart charities in CAF top 500, third party data therefore often only relates to charity or health charity sector, not very specific. Use surveys and focus groups. 2.4 Conducting and Analysing the Marketing Audit Environmental scanning is necessary to conduct a detailed marketing audit; it requires both primary and secondary information on both the internal and external environment. To analyse the internal environment we need to consider: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence (7Ps) and Staff, Style, Shared Values, Systems, Structure, Strategy and Skills (7Ss). This data is specific to the organisation and therefore internal sources such as sales reports, CRM databases, staff interviews, internal observations and staff intranet are used. To analyse the external environment we need to consider factors such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) as well as suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors (SPICC). This requires information sources such as third party reports, newspapers, trade magazines such as ThirdSector, focus groups, surveys and interviews of existing and potential volunteers/beneficiaries/supporters. Marketing audit and their key issues and their implications for the plan 3.1 The Marketing Audit The Internal Environment This refers to those factors the organisation has full control over. To identify the strengths and weaknesses of BHFs internal environment the 7Ps marketing mix and McKinseys 7Ss framework were used (appendix 2). These consider 14 elements such as product, price, place, promotion, strategy, structure staff and skills. In addition there are also models that can be used to help analyse certain elements, for example the BCG matrix (appendix 2) and value chain analysis. The Micro Environment To help identify the opportunities and threats that exist within BHFs micro environment the SPICC model was used (appendix 3), which considers 5 factors an organisation has partial control over; suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors. To help analyse these factors the Product Life Cycle, Porters Five Forces model (appendix 3) and the Value Systems Analysis can be used. The Macro Environment An organisation has no control over influences within the external environment, however it is important to scan the environment in order to identify the opportunities and threats that may exist and to make informed decisions to prepare for them. When scanning BHFs external environment the PESTEL model was used (appendix 3), this categorises the forces into political, economical, social, technological, ecological and legal. Having analysed the internal and external environment a SWOT analysis can be conducted (figure 2), whereby the key strengths and weakness of the BHF and the opportunities and threats facing them are identified. Bringing together the strengths and weaknesses enables the identification of BHFs core strengths; their distinctive competencies (DCs), and from the opportunities and threats their critical success factors (CSFs) can be identified. CSFs Little direct competition. Many customers with a link to the cause. Media attention surrounding issues BHF tackle. Large prospect market. THREATS The credit crunch: decreased disposable income, corporate donations, legacies (accounts for 40% BHFs income). Direct Marketing not as effective as it used to be for charities (not seeing a return on investment). Hard to obtain the details of new people. More health and medicine charities than any other type, therefore a lot of competition especially as many tackle similar issues e.g. smoking, obesity. Many people find it embarrassing and give socially desirable answers when discussing issues such as obesity and exercise, i.e. issues the BHF deal with research unreliable. Governments Digital Britain Initiative could leave the BHF looking out-of-date. OPPORTUNITIES Many customers have a link with the cause potential to engage with our audiences more directly and build long-term relationships. There is a large prospect youth market opportunity to increase revenue and market share. Little direct competition, one of just 3 heart charities in top 500 opportunity to maximise differentiation. Companies are placing more importance on Corporate Social Responsibility provides more B2B opportunities. More media attention surrounding the issues BHF tackles such as food labelling and obesity raises profile. Governments Change4Life campaign has given BHF exposure. WEAKNESSES Lack of perceived relevance to the target audience hard for them to engage with BHF. Many generic products that arent customer friendly. Website is hard to navigate much information available, but buried under links. Low staff turnover lack of fresh ideas and perspectives in the organisation. Staff close to or highly driven by the cause find it hard to see general public perception. Regional offices developing their own structure, meaning BHF messages may appear inconsistent on a national level. STRENGTHS Strong and trusted brand. Market leader (number 1 heart charity in UK) Large integrated CRM large pool of customer data Highly motivated -dedicated and driven by cause. Recently launched large multi media campaign Connections increased awareness. Strong demand/need heart disease is the biggest UK killer. A number of large corporate sponsors give access to large audiences. Many professionals working for BHF high calibre and solid knowledge base. DCs A strong, trusted brand. Large CRM database. Strong demand. Large corporate sponsors. 3.2 Key issues faced by the BHF and their implications for the plan The SWOT analysis highlights the key issues now faced by the BHF, these are shown below: Key issues the BHF faces and their implications to the marketing plan. Key Issue Implications to the Marketing Plan Credit Crunch reduction in disposable income, therefore less donations slump in the housing market, therefore reduction in legacies reduction in corporate donations Income reduced therefore a tighter budget need to generate alternative, cost-efficient ways of raising funds go for low risk options such as building on existing relationships rather than investing a lot of resources trying to make new contacts. Increasing competition from other health charities. BHF needs to maximise their advantage of having little direct competition and emphasise their differentiation by highlighting unique aspects of the BHFs work rather than those that are similar to other charities and make it relevant to target audiences. Direct Marketing no longer an effective communication media for charities. Need to use alternative communication media that are equally accountable yet more effective possibly making more use of new media. Large prospect market. Targeting this market will require a great deal of resources, however in the short term; given the economic climate it is perhaps not the best time to try to enter this market. It is a great opportunity that should be should be considered in the long-term. Very high priority given to cost savings and operational efficiency, even more so due to the recession often results in generic products (Bruce, 2007). Need to optimise the use of the OneCRM database and increase product customisation. The Digital Britain Initiative is set to secure the UKs place at the forefront of innovationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and quality in the digital communications industries rapid development could leave the BHF behind. Plan needs to make better use of new media, possibly going out of the BHFs comfort zone. Having conducted the SWOT analysis and considered the key issues, the BHF is now in a better position to set their objectives and determine their strategy. Referring back to figure 2, the DCs are well supported by the CSFs; there is a good match. Therefore we can afford to set higher level marketing objectives (discussed in section 4.1). This creates a gap, identified through gap analysis, between the initial forecast (where we will be if we continue to do nothing) and the new objectives. Taking the SWOT analysis into consideration I believe this gap can be bridged through establishing a product development growth strategy, this is a moderate risk strategy, which the match of the DCs and CSFs supports. The BHF will also operate a differentiation competitive strategy (appendix 4); we need to emphasise our unique selling point amongst all the other health charities. Although, other product lines may also contribute in closing the planning gap, the remainder of this plan will focus on the BHFs new product. Task 02 Red for heart campaign London to Brighton Bike Ride New Product B2B Corporate Partnerships World Events Regional Events Sponsored School Events SBU Marketing Marketing Objectives for the BHFs New Product The BHFs New Product The BHF will launch a B2C membership service that will allow them to engage directly with a large audience and encourage the development of long term relationships. Members will receive information on how to improve their heart health. Upon registering the member will receive a welcome pack containing a heart risk tape measure, a guide to heart health, a 5-a-day food diary, a heart matters fact card and a membership card. They will also receive access to the heart matters helpline, receive email alerts tailored to their needs (healthy eating, getting active, quitting smoking and well being) and will have an online account with a homepage that is regularly updated according to their stated interests upon sign up. Their membership will also provide them with special commercial offers. This is a free service because it is a belief of the BHF that heart health information should be available to all. 4.2 Marketing objectives for the BHFs Heart Matters membership service There is a hierarchy of objectives with three levels; corporate, functional and operational. At the corporate level they start off more general and are long-term and get more specific the closer the planning activity gets to the tactical implementation stage (p23 Robert et al, 2005). Corporate objectives are often expressed in financial terms, for example referring to return on investment (ROI) and return on capital employed (ROCE) (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). However, for many not-for-profit organisations, including BHF, although still long-term, they can be much harder to measure. They are typically based on the needs of the beneficiaries, now and for the future. [They] set out the direction of the organisation; they are a statement of its prioritiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Everything the organisation does should be related back to a [corporate] goal (accessed on 10/04/09 10.30 at http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/index.asp?id=488) Functional objectives are more specific than corporate objectives, often medium term referring to percentage increase in sales or market share. These then feed down to the operational objectives that are short-term and much more specific based on the 7Ps marketing mix, for example to offer a 10% discount for 2 weeks. Therefore when setting the marketing objectives for Heart Matters, they should support the corporate objectives as well as reflecting the close match between the DCs and CSFs. With regards to Heart Matters, the BHF have three options. The first is to take the view that the BHF is doing a lot of work directly related to their corporate objectives, therefore Heart Matters should be all about raising funds to help finance this work. The second is that Heart Matters should primarily focus on the need of the beneficiaries, the third is a middle-of-the-road option, whereby the need is addressed to a certain extent, but the service must be self-financing. We believe Heart Matters should initially be about addressing the need of the beneficiaries as this would provide the best opportunity to reach and engage with a wider audience. Keeping in mind the objectives should be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound) the marketing objectives for Heart Matters are as follows: Marketing objectives for Heart Matters Membership Service Objectives To recruit over 300,000 members, with less than 7% annual attrition by 2012. This helps support the BHFs objective to provide vital information to help people reduce their own heart health risk once recruited, members will have access to heart health information to help improve their heart health. Hitting this target would indicate increased engagement with supporters. For 20% of donors to make a donation by 2012. 30% of the general population donate to charity; however, this may be skewed (as heart conditions are more prevalent in low income areas). This supports all objectives, as funds raised are invested in helping achieve BHFs objectives. For example, to achieve objective 1 (appendix 1) the BHF will provide funding, equipment and facilities to achieve the best results. Therefore, funds raised will support this. For 40% of members recruited to have engaged with another BHF product/service by 2012 e.g. to have participated in an event, donated, made a purchase from the online shop or catalogue. This serves to increase public involvement in heart health, to help achieve objective 2 (appendix 1). Achieving this target would indicate an increased understanding of the work BHF does and an increased involvement of BHF supporters. 5. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Heart Matters. 5.1 Segmentation Customers are very diverse; therefore the same product and tactics will not appeal to all of them. We need to use segmentation; the process of dividing the market into specific groups of consumers/buyers who share common needs and who might require separate products and/or marketing mixes (Kotler, 1998 as cited in Ashford and Beamish, 2008). B2B and B2C markets each require different techniques to do this, as Heart Matters is a B2C product consumer segmentation will be used. Consumer markets can be segmented based on the following criteria: Geographic segmentation is based on variables such as region, population density and size of the area. Demographic segmentation uses variables such as age, gender, income, occupation, ethnicity and social class. Geo-demographic segmentation is a combination of the above, assumes that people either socialise according to class and occupation, or their lifestyles and geographic factors (Ashford and Beamish, 2008). ACORN (A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods) is a system commonly used to segment the population according to geo-demographics. Psychographic segmentation groups according to lifestyle using variables such as social activities, interests, opinions and values. Behaviouristic segmentation refers to customer behaviour, segmenting based on variables such as benefits sought, purchasing rate and usage rate. Segmentation for the BHF differs depending upon whether the market to be segmented is donor or beneficiary. When segmenting the donor market, all of the above criteria are important, however when segmenting the beneficiary market, behaviourist segmentation will typically be given priority (Bruce, 2007). There will be 2 main phases to Heart Matters; the first will target beneficiaries. Upon recruitment of the target beneficiary groups the product will move into its second phase, to raise donations, therefore the target beneficiary groups will be further segmented and new target groups identified (for example this will determine those members receiving a  £5 donation ask and those receiving a  £15 one) . This report will focus on phase 1, therefore segmentation will be specific to the BHFs beneficiary market (for further information on phase 2, please refer to appendix 5. As previously mentioned, the BHF gives priority to behaviourist segmentation when segmenting their beneficiary markets. Potential segments Heart Matters could target include: Seeking help recovering from a heart condition Seeking help living with a heart condition Seeking information on caring for someone with a heat condition Desire to improve their lifestyle Desire to improve their diet Frequent user of BHF products/services Infrequent user of BHF product/services Use products and services from a variety of health charities Loyal to an alternative health charity Although behaviourist variables form the basis of segmentation, further segmentation is necessary as within these groups there are still huge differences from one customer to the next. Further, given limited resources it may not be possible to serve everyone within a particular needs group. The BHF also use the other criteria to identify additional segments: Geography: The BHF is a nation-wide organisation, however they segment according to Densely populated areas Large metropolitan areas Areas of low income Demographics: Parents educate about keeping their childrens hearts healthy 65+ higher risk of heart disease, inform on how to reduce risk 30-45 leading busy lives, but still have a chance to make a change 7-16 to educate about the importance of keeping their heart healthy Sedentary occupation High stress occupation Geo-demographic: Segment into different ACORN groups all of which are within the BHFs beneficiary market as heart health information should be made available to everyone. The market is segmented according to ACORN group as solutions and recommendations may differ depending on income and social class, for example EF14 category affordable healthy recipes, gym-free ways of keeping fit. Psychographics: Internet-savvy Dependents Families Older couples (no children or left home) Gym Members 5.2 Target audience for Heart Matters The marketing of Heart Matters will follow a differentiated strategy, that is Heart Matters will only be targeted at certain segments of the total market and the marketing mix (section 6) will be tailored towards these target segments of the market. Figure 4 below shows the target groups chosen for Heart Matters Membership. Recovering/living with heart conditionhigh risk Glasgow and London Age 50+ Behaviour Geographic Demographic Target groups for Heart Matters Target Group Reason for Choice Recovering/living with a heart condition and high risk groups. This is a large market; heart and circulatory disease is the UKs biggest killer, almost 2.6 million people are living with heart disease. It is a current strategy of the BHF to make the organisation more relevant to target audiences; this is a large audience where the need is currently greatest and it is important to ensure the BHF is made relevant to them. These are issues that are unique to the BHF, no other large charity tackles them targeting this group provides an opportunity to highlight the BHFs differentiation. Glasgow and London As this is a new product, and one which is free it will initially be launched into just 2 cities, this is to reduce the risk involved. Densely populated cities give a wider market reach. Glasgow has been chosen as there is a high concentration of heart disease, London has been chosen as people living here tend to have a faster pace of life, encouraging them to be unhealthy. Initial rates of membership registration of the two cities may give an indication of where to roll the membership out to. Age 50+ Heart disease is more common and risk is greater in older people. Further, a survey under-taken by one of our corporate sponsors Fitness-First revealed that of all age groups the over 50s showed the greatest percentage eating healthily, this indicates a large market that would be receptive to health-related information. In addition, this is the baby-boomer generation, a large percentage of which are wealthy home owners may provide significant fundraising opportunities in phase 2. 5.3 Positioning Heart Matters Having selected the target segments, it is important the service is then positioned with their needs and requirements in mind. Positioning is the act of designing an offer so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the minds of target customers (Kotler et al, 1998). The target segments are likely to have concerns, it is therefore important the service is positioned as reassuring. However, we do not want to be patronising and compromise our brand, the service tackles serious issues so needs to be positioned as a provider of expert advice. Each customer treated as an individual, we wish the service to be viewed as providing customised, not generic information. Figure 4 below shows how we would like our target audiences to perceive our service. Customised Reassuring Expert, trusted advice Generic Inaccessible Amateur advice Depressing Accessible Perceptual Map for Heart Matters Marketing mix for the BHFs Heart Matters Membership Service Strategy Justification Product USP (Unique Selling Point) Core product: USP no other charity provides information and advice specific to living with and recovering from a heart condition. Supports our competitive differentiation strategy. Secondary and tertiary product: Carbon Copy many other charities provide free membership services offering newsletters, free calendars, membership cards etc (appendix 4) Price Intermediate strategy, in terms of the value the customer will place on the product. This supports our quality of information positioning and selective marketing strategy. Heart Matters core product has a USP; however we want it to be available to everyone within our target market, not just a specialist group, so therefore skimming is not applicable. Price penetration is also not applicable as this is a strategy typically used for lower quality, carbon copies therefore does not support our quality of information positioning strategy. In addition we do not want to target everyone within the beneficiary market; this is a new product, do not want to appear low quality and generic, the intermediary price strategy supports this. Place Dual distribution use both direct and indirect (via intermediaries) distribution to the customer. Selective Distribution Interdependence BHF retains full control. Dual distribution: the core product will only be distributed directly, this is essential to support the expert positioning and give the BHF full control over the service. Indirect distribution of the core product may confuse customers and fail to relate it to the BHF. Indirect distribution of Heart Matters registration and materials. This will give a greater access to the market and provide customers with the option to register in person or online. Selective distribution will give access to the right customers i.e. our target groups. This also supports our quality positioning strategy and intermediate price strategy, as we can choose intermediary locations that support our brand such as pharmacies. Intermediaries will be interdependent the BHF will retain full control. This is because the BHF has a strong brand and a g

US Election :: essays papers

US Election Overview of the American Economy The American economy has been skyrocketing during the past decade. Growth in fields such as output, price stability, consumer demand, labor markets, and productivity have been increasing at an alarming rate. This over flow of growth occurring within the country has brought a sense of safety to the American people and with increased spending based on the â€Å"wealth effect† the American economy looks to be evermore prosperous in the years to come. Al Gore- Democrats Al Gore, the leader for the Democrat party, supports many freewill movements and has a firm understanding of the country’s future development. Gore is an avid believer in expanding the United States to encompass a more world wide approach at economics, such as enabling NAFTA to extend southward. Strongly supports cutting taxes and putting money back into the system to encourage future profits enabling for the tax cuts. More money going into the system gives ore money back tot he government and without taxation making both the government and the people benefit. George Bush- Republicans George Bush, the leader for the Republican party, strongly believes in conservative views and the welfare of the people. Bush’s ideals are more traditional and are shaped towards the white, heterosexual, over 40 year old man, which holds the majority in the United States. Supports cutting taxes and taking the money the government has and increase spending in public affairs to benefit the people. Eliminating the debt and estate tax are important also but with no increase in governmental profit. 15 percent cut in tax rates, providing greatest benefit to the rich. Favors 50 percent reduction in capital gains tax. Supports $500 per child tax credit. No mention of Comprehensive health care guarantees. Supports allowing of workers to retain health insurance while shifting jobs, nothing for uninsured. Maintaining existing tax structure, with only minor changes, favoring the rich. Supports $500 per child tax credit, $1 500 tax credit for community college. Opposes any expansion of federal programs or guaranties of health care. Privatization of Medicare. Mainly good for the rich, elderly, and veterans. Abolishing of the Department of Education. Promotes private schools against public education. Better for richer families. Encourages school prayer and patriotism. Cuts in spending and more restrictions. Eliminate food stamps and school lunch program. Very difficult for welfare cases. Cutting of $1 trillion from federal programs, Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security.

Criteria for effective control

Briefly discuss the criteria for effective control. There are five criteria for effective control. In designing a control system, one must make sure that it measures what is important now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past. Firstly, the systems must be related to organizational strategy. In designing a control system, one must make sure that it measures what is important now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past.Multinational corporations often find it useful to maintain a entralized, integrated system of controls consistent with the strategic orientation of the organization. For example, General Motor maintains a number of units that are interdependent through each of the sequential steps in the manufacturing process, therefore, General Motor must have control systems that ensure that production processes are not disrupted. Secondly, use all steps in the control process.To be effective, a control system must employ all steps in the control process. Standards of performance must be set, measurements of actual performance taken, comparisons f standards with actual performance made, and when necessary, corrective action taken. For example, in our life, for a grade A in our management course, suppose we never bothered to check our posted grade on the midterm exam. In this case, our control system would be incomplete. Without knowing our midterm exam score, we would not compare our performance with our standard.Thirdly, be composed of objective and subjective measures. Effective control systems typically require managers to blend quantitative (objective) and qualitative (subjective) performance easures. For example, management may have set specific targets for productivity. This performance goal has a precise formula for measurement. In the same situation, management has also expressed a desire to achieve high levels of worker satisfaction. Forth, be timely in feedback reporting.Timeliness is the degree to which the control systems provides information when it is needed. The issue here is not how fast the feedback information is provided but whether it is provided quickly enough to permit a response to an unacceptable deviation. For example, the U. S. naval accident that occurred in early 2005 present the importance of timeliness itself. The crew of the nuclear submarine USS San Francisco violated the feedback timeliness requirement with near-catastrophic consequences.In short, the submarine smashed into an undersea mountain. A subsequent naval investigation reveal the crew should have checked the water depth more frequently, should not have been traveling at high speed, and failed to take into account a variety of danger signs, all of which contributed to the underwater accident. Last but not least, be cceptable to a diverse workforce. To be effective, organizational controls must be accepted by employees.The control system should motivate workers to recognize standards and act to achieve them. For example, as a student in a management course. Suppose our professor has no problem assigning course grade B or lower but says that a grade of A can be achieved only by students who read a new chapter and five related Journal articles everyday and submit a 20-page, typewritten synopsis of these readings each day. Would we be discouraged from attempting to earn a grade

Third Days Love Song essays

Third Day's Love Song essays In 1991, Mac Powell (vocals), Mark Lee(guitar) and Billy Wilkens decided they wanted to be a part of a band that played songs about their faith in God. Third Day started playing a few small shows around Powder Springs, Georgia. In 92, they were joined by David Carr (drums) and Tai Anderson (bass). In 93, Billy dropped out of the band after they did a full length recording entitled Contagious. Only 1000 cds and 1000 cassettes were ever made for this independent recording. In 95 they picked up Brad Avery, another guitar player. The band continued to grow in popularity, selling over 300,000 of their Third Day release in 1996, and opening 5 shows for the Newsboys in addition to a 65 city tour of their own. In the winter of 1997, Third Day went into the studio and recorded Conspiracy No. 5. They also toured with the Newsboys, opening for 45 shows. This allowed them to play for over 3,000 people a night. The band continued to grow, and is now one of the most known Christian bands around. This band happens to be the band that sings my favorite song. This song, called Love Song, is a great piece of music which displays how a song can be simple yet very powerful. Using only vocals and acoustic guitar, the songs lyrics demonstrate the love Jesus Christ has for people from His point of view. It is great at comparing typical love song material, typical being man-to-woman. It goes beyond what is physically possible by man and reminds you of a few of the things that Jesus did to show his love for us. Things that no regular person could do. This song relates to typical Christian music in that it gives all the glory to God, the one who deserves it. 1st Corinthians 13 tells a little about what love is, from Gods point of view. It states Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. ...

Free Essays on The Scientific Method And Its Relationship To Psycology

The Scientific Method and It’s Relation to Psychology â€Å"An approach to knowledge that relies on the collecting of data, generating a theory to explain the data, producing testable hypotheses based on the theory, and testing those hypotheses empirically.† (Morris/Maisto) After reading the definition for the term â€Å"scientific method,† my interpretation is the method brings order to the process of researching an unknown. Psychologists are everyday people who take their curiosity further than the average person, resulting in the need for organization and guidance. The scientific method is merely a road map that psychologists use to guide themselves on their trip through the mind. Throughout their journey, they have a number of ways to test these theories and make predictions on their outcomes. The psychologist starts off with a question and needs a guide to help him achieve his goal, the answer. The scientific method is where they will turn in hopes of a plan in their quest for the answer. What the method does is give the psychologist an outline to follow, but, as is with any outline, they must provide everything to complete the process. As the psychologist dissects his/her thoughts, they find answers, speculations as I call them, and need to research their thoughts. Researching is mentioned in the scientific method, yet categorized into a few methods of its own. There are proven methods of research which help the scientist support and even debunk their own theories. They could range from naturalistic observation, case studies and surveys, to experimental or correlational research. Once research has begun, the theories are tested and re-tested until proven to be true. As the process evolves, theories are created, strengthened or broken. Believing that the psychologist must be neutral in the interpretation of the data is theories test themselves. When researching anything, one must have some control over what they are doin... Free Essays on The Scientific Method And It's Relationship To Psycology Free Essays on The Scientific Method And It's Relationship To Psycology The Scientific Method and It’s Relation to Psychology â€Å"An approach to knowledge that relies on the collecting of data, generating a theory to explain the data, producing testable hypotheses based on the theory, and testing those hypotheses empirically.† (Morris/Maisto) After reading the definition for the term â€Å"scientific method,† my interpretation is the method brings order to the process of researching an unknown. Psychologists are everyday people who take their curiosity further than the average person, resulting in the need for organization and guidance. The scientific method is merely a road map that psychologists use to guide themselves on their trip through the mind. Throughout their journey, they have a number of ways to test these theories and make predictions on their outcomes. The psychologist starts off with a question and needs a guide to help him achieve his goal, the answer. The scientific method is where they will turn in hopes of a plan in their quest for the answer. What the method does is give the psychologist an outline to follow, but, as is with any outline, they must provide everything to complete the process. As the psychologist dissects his/her thoughts, they find answers, speculations as I call them, and need to research their thoughts. Researching is mentioned in the scientific method, yet categorized into a few methods of its own. There are proven methods of research which help the scientist support and even debunk their own theories. They could range from naturalistic observation, case studies and surveys, to experimental or correlational research. Once research has begun, the theories are tested and re-tested until proven to be true. As the process evolves, theories are created, strengthened or broken. Believing that the psychologist must be neutral in the interpretation of the data is theories test themselves. When researching anything, one must have some control over what they are doin...

Case study 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study 3 - Essay Example An organization that would have seen issues, past and present and because of such, Shapp would feel the need to seek the services of Peter Sneed. After analyzing what he felt to be the issues within his own company and considering the potential benefit of utilizing the services of Peter Sneed, he would seek to consult with another member of his company and initiate the discussion as the prospect of integrating the services of Mr. Sneed, with the inner structure of the company. As Julie Phillips, the co-worker in question of Shapp’s, would seek to become involved with the overall discussion, she would be seeking to do so, so that any difference in opinion could be addressed and that if integration were to in fact occur, the best possible outcome would be achieved. With the issues that would have come about in the past, her concerns would not be without merit. Out of all of the styles that are possible in terms of the OD system, the most likely candidate that Sneed should take on, would be the style involving interviewing those he would come in contact that would have to do with this new proposed task. It would enable him to have the opportunity to gather as much information as possible from the available stakeholders and in doing so, would be able to come with the best possible picture, as to where to begin in terms of aiding those involved with the company and the organization itself. With everything that is known about Peter Sneed, this situation alluded to that would involve Henry Shapp and his organization, would be something that Sneed should take on. He would have the necessary background from his previous experiences, to work with Julie Phillips and Mr. Shapp, as well as their other co-workers, with the shared goal of seeking the best possible outcome for the company and its workers. One of the first actions taken, in terms of strategy, should be the approach and engagement of all

Review of the Book Economics in One Lesson Essay

Review of the Book Economics in One Lesson - Essay Example Unfortunately, most of the time this fact is always hidden because bad loans made by the government are hidden in most federal spending. On the other hand, when banks collapse due to bad loans, it is announced all over the news. Political considerations further hide the bad loans as a result of government lending. This does not happen in the private sector unless the firm in question is affected by a politically motivated legislation. The community reinforcement act is an example of a legislation that advocates for loans to individuals who do not qualify. The book cites the Bush administration endeavors to ensure that banks lend more money. Based on the current times, Hazlitt argues that tariffs such as NAFTA are harming the economy. Hazlitt states that both consumers and producers are hurt by the tariffs. His argument is the opposite of the common notion that tariff affects consumers only. He explains that tariff forces consumers to pay much higher than they could have had to pay wi thout it. This means the extra dollar spent due to the tariff could have been used elsewhere. Therefore, this denies producers of other goods and services that dollar. Tariffs are aimed at protecting local industries against competition from foreign goods. On the other hand, imports are good because they provide other countries with local currency necessary for buying domestic goods Hazlitt addresses the economic impact of government actions and remains silent on protectionism due to national security. He states that the real gain from foreign trade for any country lies in its imports and not its exports (Tom the Redhunter para 11). He supports his statement by arguing that businessmen imports products because they are cheaper for the consumers compared to domestic products.... This paper offers a comprehensive review of the book Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt. The book introduces the common man to simple and clear economic thought. The author does not object public program spending but rejects the use of public projects as a plan of injecting money into the economy. He argues that public projects should be justified based on their importance to the economy. Based on the current times, Hazlitt argues that tariffs such as NAFTA are harming the economy. Hazlitt states that both consumers and producers are hurt by the tariffs. His argument is the opposite of the common notion that tariff affects consumers only. He explains that tariff forces consumers to pay much higher than they could have had to pay without it. Hazlitt addresses the economic impact of government actions and remains silent on protectionism due to national security. He states that the real gain from foreign trade for any country lies in its imports and not its exports. The book also addresses the fallacy that cost of production determines the market prices. Hazlitt argues that demand and supply determines the market price. Bailouts are necessary to save collapsing industries. The book lays emphasis on the importance of extensive analysis of both primary and secondary consequences of proposed policies. The free economy needs to be revived by removing unnecessary government intervention but still maintain important interventionism. The government needs to learn from past mistakes so as to make better informed decisions later.