Assessment Of Chronic Pain - 1329 Words

Assessment Assessment of chronic pain first begins with understanding what chronic pain is. Chronic pain is any pain with or without obvious injury that lasts longer than the expected healing period. Like many chronic diseases, it has periods of remission, an absence of symptoms, and exacerbation, an increase in the severity of the symptoms. A recent study suggested that chronic pain affects about 80% of elders in nursing homes. (Pateinakis, 2013) Proper treatment of chronic pain begins with gathering subjective and objective data about the client’s pain. Before meeting with the client determine rather or not the client is capable of communicating about his or her pain. If the client is aphasic or severely demented, it may be necessary to ask family members and/or caregivers to be present during the interview to help answer questions. Even if the patient is able to communicate effectively, they may be more comfortable with loved ones nearby. Review any comorbidities that may be affectin g the pain or even causing the pain. Also, note all medications the client is currently taking including herbal supplements and over the counter drugs, to prevent polypharmacy or even identify polypharmacy that is occurring already. Next, begin a focused interview. COLDSPA can be used effectively to gather all the specific information about the pain itself. Character is the description of the sign or symptom. Onset is when it began. Location is where is it and if it is localized pain orShow MoreRelatedAssessments Of Chronic Pain And Mental Impairment1769 Words   |  8 PagesAssessments of Chronic Pain and Mental Impairment Introduction The objective of performing an assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis based on the collected data about the patient (Jarvis, 2012). Two important assessments are pain and mental health. This paper will cover both assessments of a female adult patient with chronic pain and an elderly adult patient with mental impairment. Both patients’ health assessment histories, SOAP notes, and summaries of findings will be discussed. The nurseRead MorePain Management For Patients With Acute Or Chronic Illnesses And Assessment Of Pain1186 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Statement Pain is an important concern in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic illnesses and assessment of pain is a critical step to provide good pain management. Pain is the most feared aspect of any illness and it can also impact the quality of life of the individual and management of pain has been recognized as the major health care problem in the United States. Research states that, 65 percent of hospitalized patients report a problem related to pain management (Samuels EckardtRead MorePain And The Long Term Care Facility1224 Words   |  5 PagesPain is one of the most influential symptoms that leads individuals to reach out to health care professionals to seek relief. Pain is subjective and unique to each person. Some individuals may have a higher pain tolerance than others. According to Frandsen (2014), â€Å"Pain is an unpleasant, sensory, emotional sensation associated with actual or potential tissue injury† (p. 889). Pain may be caused by a variety of elements, such as tissue or nerve damage and surgery. There are three main categories thatRead MoreThe Development Of An Integrated Treatment For Veterans With Comorbid Chronic Pain1212 Words   |  5 PagesVeterans with Comorbid Chronic Pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Theoretical Framework Research has observed military personnel and veterans physical and psychological problems individually and mutually. The combination of chronic pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) experienced by veterans has left those individuals with intense pain, distress, restricted lifestyles, and disability. The problem lies within the veterans who are suffering from chronic pain and PTSD. Veterans experienceRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Pain1246 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Pain Assessment There is no way to tell how much pain a person is in and there are no tests that can measure the intensity of the pain at this time, pain is what the patient perceives it to be. According to MedicineNet.com, pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience and often causes severe problems for patients. Chronic pain is widely believed to represent disease itself. It can be made much worse by environmental and psychological factors. Chronic pain persists over a longerRead MoreThe Main Health Issues Of John Ryan1508 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay critically examines the main health issues of John Ryan. Recent referral from a health care team have heightened the need for John Ryan to the community nurse to do a home visit for an initial assessment and review. So, as my first visit to John as a community health nurse it is my role to integrate several nursing skills which includes assessements, carry out direct care, educate John, encourage health improvements and work to gether with other health care professionals to advance healthRead MorePain Perception Of Native Americans1035 Words   |  5 PagesPain Perception in Native Americans The psychological processes in the article include pain perception, and how we as humans perceive pain, how we react to it, and how we adapt to it. The article explains the pain signaling process and how pain can be amplified. For example, when we get pricked by a needle, a signal from our finger ascends through the spinal cord to reach parts of the brain. From there, we perceive pain, then we form a pain experience. Pain perception can be resulting from severalRead MoreDoes Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality of Life1275 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: Does Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality of Life? What is pain? Generally, it is an unpleasant sensory feeling that is triggered by the bodys nervous system in response to an adverse affect and is often categorized as acute or chronic. Because of the many different aspects of pain, it varies from each individual. Experiences that may cause pain in one individual may or may not cause pain at the same level which makes this a highly subjective symptom. PreviouslyRead MorePrevention Of Chronic Disease And Improving Public Health996 Words   |  4 Pagesprevention of chronic diseases and improving public health to name a few. Recognizing that the prevention of chronic disease and promoting population health is the key to controlling health care expenditure, the inclusion of pain management is a positive aspect of the legislation. While chronic pain is not in the top leading chronic diseases, the cost to the health care system is higher than heart disease and diabetes combined.2 This paper will discuss Title IV - Prevention of Chronic Disease andRead MorePain Assessment, Management and Evaluation1327 Words   |  5 Pages ‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ (International association for the study of pain 2014). Pain can be made up of complex and subjective experiences. The experience of pain is highly personal and private, and can not be directly observed or measured from one person to the next (Mac Lellan 2006). According to the agency for health care policy and research 1992, an individuals self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator

Essay on Prejudice and Discrimination in Crash - 964 Words

While the film â€Å"Crash† has several complex characters with storylines that all become interconnected in various ways, the movie is predominantly about how prejudice plays into people’s everyday lives and how such prejudice usually has negative implications. The characters in the film all had their own prejudices, or attitudes judging others in negative ways, which set the stage for discrimination, stereotypes, racism, and scapegoats. Thus, one can see how prejudice plays such a pivotal role in people’s relations with each other. As a result, it is best to analyze this film from a symbolic interactionism point of view by analyzing how the labels the characters encounter in this film affect their perception and in turn create prejudice†¦show more content†¦Daniel suffered individual discrimination from Farhad because Farhad perceived him as Latino, and thus thought he was deceitful and treated him accordingly. Later, when Farhad’s store was tr ashed because someone broke in through the faulty door, Farhad sought revenge on Daniel because he felt that he was responsible for the trashed store. As a result, Daniel became Farhad’s scapegoat for his frustration of having a ruined store because he did not listen to Daniel’s professional opinion. Daniel was not the only victim of racism, Peter and Anthony, two young Black males, were also targets of prejudice and discrimination because of their race. From a symbolic interactionist point of view, these two men were heavily influenced by the stereotypes imposed on them. For example, as Jean and Rick Cabot were walking down the street, Jean got closer to her husband as she passed Anthony and Peter because she prejudged them as criminals and was therefore afraid of them. Anthony complained to Peter about being stereotyped as a gangster or criminal because he is a black male, yet then he and Peter self-fulfill this stereotype by carjacking the Cabot’s car. Tho ugh the movie does not shed light on the topic of why Anthony and Peter choose to make a living off of selling stolenShow MoreRelatedRacial Prejudice And Racism And Prejudice Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesin their lifetime to be considered to fit the characteristics specific to certain groups. When some individuals step out of that barricade of expectations they are looked upon differently and possibly discriminated against by their peers. Racial prejudice and sexism has been a focal point of discussion amongst world leaders and people alike. From the 1900s eras when women could not vote, slavery, the Civil Rights movement, to present day, people (especially minorities) have fought against such actsRead MoreA Sociological Concept Of The Movie Crash894 Words   |  4 Pagespredict the social world in which we live. The movie Crash illustrates through the use of graphic dialogue and cinematography, the seemingly endless and controversial struggles faced by today s stereotypes. These people all have different cultures, ethnicities, and backgrounds and are all brought together by issues of racial discrimination because of their differences. In the movie, all the characters are either victims of prejudice and discrimination or are guilty of it. America is a multiculturalRead MoreRacism in Crash Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics and racial differences are distinguishing traits that keep people in our world apart from each other. Crash is a movie that showcases prejudice and racial stereotypes. The movie is set in Los Angeles which is a city with the cultural mix of almost every ethnicity. Crash is a perfect analogy of how the different people intersect with others in society. The movie crash shows differences between the lives of different people. It displays the interactions of several multiethnic groupsRead MoreCrash Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesCrash Stereotypes are the organizational factors that virtually shape the way we think in 20th century America. They somehow manage to categorize some of lifes most complex matters into nice distinct sections. Classifications and organization, at first glance seem to be useful in distinguishing various aspects of modern life. However, these grouping methods can be very inaccurate, leaving erroneous ideas in the minds of citizens on a global level. Stereotypes, though originating as convenientRead MoreEssay about White People and Black Man1140 Words   |  5 PagesCrash. It is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I think it’s what keeps us apart. That leaves several abstract questions that the film Crash illustrates. What are the origins of personal prejudice? Do individual experiences fuel standing stereotypes? Is it easier to perpetuate existing stereotypes because â€Å"things will never changeRead MoreRacism, Is There A Cure? Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesCURE? Karen Harberson PADM 313 October 23, 2015 I decided to use two chapters from our text book, City Lights – Urban-Suburban Life in The Global Society: Chapter 6 the Ties That bind and Chapter 10 Identity Crisis along with the Movie â€Å"Crash† and â€Å"Crazy Beautiful† and with the book â€Å"Nickel and Dimed†. The purpose is to identify the conflicts whether it be a racial, ethnic, or gender occurrence, and how they form a sense of collective identity about themselves and about the other personRead MoreMovie Scenes Occurred When The Police Officer Spoke With Shaniqua Johnson, An Insurance Agency Supervisor906 Words   |  4 Pagesyou without thinking five or six more qualified white men who didn’t get the job.† The officer is using his prejudices against Mrs. Johnson as the insurance will not pay for another doctor to see his father for diagnosis. The officer explains how his prejudices came about in his childhood. His father owned a small business that employed minorities befor e laws were set of no discrimination and how after treating minorities like any other white person, the minorities were given more preferences inRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis1287 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Haggis’s film â€Å"Crash†, examines characters’ who’s seemingly diametrically opposed views of racial equality cause them to crash into one another. The characters of Officer Ryan and Officer Hanson played by Matt Dillion and Ryan Phillipe are affected when the crash provides them with introspection into to their own prejudice behaviors. The crash breaks up skewed fragments of their beliefs, ideas, and perceptions. Literally, crash means to move with force and speed into an object or obstacle followedRead MoreCrash1243 Words   |  5 PagesCrash Movie Analysis Anjelica McCartney HUM/150 January 18, 2016 Victor Armenta Crash Movie Analysis Discrimination, racism, classism, prejudice and more plague today’s society. These horrible issues do not affect one race, sexes, class, ethnicity, or age group; these issues affect all races, both genders, all ethnicities, and all age groups. For this film analysis, I have chosen to discuss the racism portrayed throughout a three-time Oscar award winning movie called Crash. Summary PaulRead MoreThe Film Crash, Directed By Paul Haggis974 Words   |  4 PagesThe film Crash, written and directed by Paul Haggis, examines racial exchanges in several different ethnic groups living in Los Angeles. As the film move forward, we are able to view how each characters’ own racist experiences change their attitudes towards other races. Paul Haggis illustrates those change through the mood tone, setting, and even the music. By the end of the movie, the audience is left with a feeling of hope and an ambition to examine its own thought and actions towards others

Lean Manufacturing Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Answer: Introduction Al-Efan printing press began its operations in the year 1996, and served many customers in the city of Riyadh. Among hundreds of printers in Saudi Arabia, Al-Efan has a reputation for being one of the leading commercial printing presses of the city (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). It has a pre-press section and post press section to take care of the unique needs of the customers and aspires to be a one-stop solution provider to the customers for concept development, design of graphics, high quality printing on various kinds of papers, post press activities such as binding, folding, sorting, personalization, etc. Al-Efan always benchmarks its services to international standards, but somehow could not achieve its target. The Challenges Though the customers patronized the Al-Efan printing press, the company had various manufacturing defects and delays. The problems nagged the founder and chairman, Al-Abbassi, of the Al-Efan. The press began operations in the year 1996, when the total number of employees that they had was just 12, and now after more than a decade, they have about 75 employees. Even with additions in the workforce, Al-Abassi noticed exorbitantly high wastage of consumables, production defects and delivery errors (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). A sizable amount of paper is discarded as waste after printing, business cards, flyers, brochures, manuals, etc. the number of incidents of the production flaws such as ink spillage, uneven colors, etc. have crept into the production system. In the recent time, in one of the incidence, a wrong consignment has been delivered to the customer, this fault of the company has led them to a huge financial loss as well as a vast decrease in their reputation (Rothenber g Cost, 2004). Specifically, the flexographic label printing division had frequent problems with die changeovers. The works observed that the change of dies took about a minimum of four hours and may extend up to seven hours depending on the complexity of the work or the mess up in the plate loading process. A downtime of five hours is unaffordable to the press due to decrease in the productivity, increase in the cost and loss of reputation among the customers (Uribe, 2008). Because of the above reasons, the companys quality of production as well as their name in the market has been affected a lot. The poor quality of the print production also added cost to the company financially and caused loss of business. Most of their clients came up with a quality issue in the images, banners, flyers etc. that they received from Al-Efan printing press. The printing problems included blurred images, bleeding colors, and fading. Hence, in order to keep themselves going in the market, the management of Al-Efan printing press decided to rectify the problems with including technological solutions along with process improvements (Gehman, 2003). The Solution Al-Abbassi did some research and pondered on the solutions to improve production processes (especially the die/plate changing process) and reduce wastages in a holistic manner. Many colleagues and industry representatives suggested implementing lean manufacturing methods to reduce wastage of resources and time (Rothenberg Cost, 2004). During discussions, it was found that loss of productivity is manifested in many ways. For example, underutilized production capacity of printing machine and overproduction of print materials are forms of waste. The founder was not aware that an unused printing machine can be considered as waste if it does not add any value to the customer (Womack Jones, 2003). The founder was impressed by the earlier case studies of the Lean Techniques and decided to implement the system. A brief about Lean The Lean production system adopts a holistic approach rather than solving individual issues. Continuous improvement and respect for employees are the two major principles of Lean management. The system can be implemented in any organization irrespective of the size of the enterprise, in any type of company (even in financial organizations such as HRD Fund are eligible) and in any cultural environment (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). The primary goal of this approach is to eliminate waste and thereby increase productivity. In Lean, waste is not only about the physical residue in production, it also covers equipment, resources, and actions that are of no value to the customer. The approaches of Lean consider people as one of the main ingredients in improving the system. The people must be encouraged, empowered and aided to think creatively and implement the plans cooperatively. The usual punch line of Lean to the employees is do more with less. The principles of Lean are simple to learn and apply, and do not require expensive training and consultations (Sayer Williams, 2012). The recommendation for the LEAN implementation Some of the major Lean management tools are 5S, Total Production Maintenance (TPM), Process Mapping, Kaizen, Just in Time Production, Five Whys, etc. (Business Knowledge Source, 2010). For solving the waste and productivity issues of the Al-Efan printing press, the following steps are recommended (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). At the flexographic printing section the die changing process created bottle neck for the production. In many manufacturing facilities, machine setups create wastes. A typical setup is the preparing a printing equipment or process for starting a printing cycle. And, a setup time is considered as the sum of the time elapsed between the last work and the beginning of the next work due to the preparation for the equipment set up or process (Albert, 2004). In the printing industry, the Lean practice has contributed a term called SMED (single minute exchange of die), a technique to reduce setup time and make the machine ready for work (Chen Meng, 2010) With combination of the use of ergonomic tools and techniques of 5S (sorting, setting in order, shining, standardizing, sustaining), the SMED may be designed. The SMED will help to reduce the set up time and increase productivity. In many organizations with the use of SMED, the set up time was reduced from hours to few minutes (Chen Meng, 2010). Faster setup time not only reduces downtime but also increases productivity; and when this is applied throughout the organization where multiple printing presses are installed, the gain will be tremendous (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007). There are several methods that can be implemented to overcome the quality issue currently faced by the company. For improving the quality of the production such as blurring of the graphics, fading of colors, etc. a TQM (Total Quality Management) may be implemented. The tool of Five Whys is an apt choice to begin the TQM, which promotes a strong prominence of process measurement and control as a medium for uninterrupted improvements (Arumugam Goyal, 2008). Five-Why Analysis helps the TQM team to explore the causes of a problem by making them ask five why questions repeatedly which relates to the problem. The Five Whys technique is helpful to sustain the exploration till the original cause of the problem is identified (Bonacorsi, 2007). A team identified for solving the production issue be involved to carry out the 5 Whys analysis. The questions may include the following. Why the printed document does is smudgy? Why the three colors are not mixed and superimposed appropriately? Why the printing plates are not mounted on the spindle or rollers? Why the tracing notches are not accurately placed on the plates? Why the tracing notches are having flaws? etc. (Cooper, Keif Macro Jr, 2007) The answers to these questions will help in understanding of the problem accurately and trigger solutions to the people involved in the production process. Based on the solutions generated by the production team or Lean team, the improvement action must be carried out until the desired results are achieved. The total improvement process may be documented as a guide to other teams and to internalize the learning (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). Hence, this can be a much effective process to enhance the services of the company and will help them gain their position back in the market. The probable takeaways Applying lean manufacturing principles can help the printing press to reduce wastage, inefficiencies and costs. There has been a lot of wastages after every printing consignment. Hence, lean manufacturing principles will help in controlling them to a huge extent. In fact, it is one of the most effective ways to reduce wastages in the printing industry and has been used by many printing companies throughout the world. In order to avoid the production bottlenecks, the old printers may be replaced with technologically advanced machines and simultaneously, the lean principles have to be practiced (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). There are bright chances that this hybrid approach shall reduce the cycle times, improve production flow that is smooth and continuous, increase capacity utilization, reduce costs and improve profits (Oakland Tanner, 2007). The results of Lean implementation has demonstrated enormous potential for printing organization to reduce set up time (waste), increase ti me available for value-addition, and thereby increase confidence of the employees. Apart from improving efficiency of the manufacturing system, the business as such may experience a surge. In many organizations where Lean is implemented, the organizational culture of the company has dramatically changed. After the implementation of the Lean, managers from different department are likely to communicate often and solve the issues by working together (Shah Ward, 2003). Managers and employees may develop a culture of developing clear schedules and goals in manufacturing. This will help the employees understand the companys goals clearly and will also help them in delivery a quality service to their clients. The practice of Five Whys will deepen the understanding of the organizational issues among the employees. Conclusion One prominent tool the Lean program focuses is 5S implementation in the printing company. The 5S tool is critical for establishing a diagrammatic workplace. The 5S components i.e. sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain has applications in every aspect of the organization and gives a confidence to the managers that any issue can be solved (Gapp, Fisher, Kobayashi, 2008). In short, sort helps to align resources and tools; the set in order element brings logical order to the daily operations. The shine principles reminds the employees to follow safety and cleanliness, and the standardization step prompts the people to search for the best practices and preserve it as the cornerstones of performance (McManus, 2008). Finally, the best practices are perpetuated through the regular audits, trainings and self-discipline. References Albert, M. (2004). Setup reduction: At the heart of lean manufacturing. Modern Machine Shop, 76(11), 66-66. Arumugam and Goyal. (2008) Newspaper Aims to Improve Printing: A TQM Case Study. Six Sigma: Quality Resources for Achieving Six Sigma Results, available at https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/capability-indices-process-capability/capability-and-performance/, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Bonacorsi, Steven. (2007). 5 Whys Analysis, Ezinearticles, October 7, 2007. Available at https://ezinearticles.com/?5-Whys-Analysisid=772552, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Business Knowledge Source (2010). Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Available at https://www.businessknowledgesource.com/manufacturing/, Accessed on 11th December 2016. Chen, L., Meng, B. (2010). The application of setup reduction in lean production. Asian Social Science, 6(7), 108-113. Gapp, R., Fisher, R., Kobayashi, K. (2008). Implementing 5S within a Japanese Context: An Integrated Management System,Management Decision. 46(4): 565-579. Gehman C. (2003). Print production workflow: A practical guide. Paramus, NJ: NAPL McManus, Kevin (2008). Top 10 Tips for 5S Success. Great Systems, March 15, 2008. Oakland, J. S., Tanner, S. (2007). Successful Change Management. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 18(1/2), 1-19. doi:10.1080/14783360601042890 Rothenberg, S., Cost, F. (2004). Lean manufacturing in small- and medium-sized printers (PICRM-2004-04). Rochester, NY: Printing Industry Center at RIT. Sayer, N., Williams, B. (2012) Lean for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sones, Inc. Shah R, and Ward P T (2003). Lean manufacturing: Context, Practice Bundles, and Performance. Journal of Operations Management. 21: 129149. Uribe, J. (2008). Print productivity: a systems dynamics approach (PICRM-2008-05). Rochester, NY: Printing Industry Center at RIT. Womack, J., Jones, D. (2003). Lean thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation. New York: Free Press.

Grief Paper free essay sample

Disenfranchised grief is described as grief that cannot be openly expressed to others. It is a grief that society does not acknowledge or accepts. The grief or sadness can be uncomfortable to others. Examples of disenfranchised grief; loss of a limb, loss of a pet also a loss of a job. The grief reactions from death of a spouse is considered â€Å"normal† grief. But the death of an ex spouse can be considered a disenfranchising grief. I will discuss the loss of an ex spouse, analyze factors that disenfranchise the loss as well as the ways the loss complicates grief. What happens when ones ex spouse dies? Do you attend the funeral services, takes days off from work or cry? Society does not regcnoize nor accept ex spousal death as normal or shall I say should not be talked about. There have been little research conducted supporting the grieving patterns of the loss of an ex spouse. We will write a custom essay sample on Grief Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Losing an ex- spouse can be rewarding for some but very painful for others. The grieving process will depend on the circumstances and the relationship between the former spouses. A major complicating factor of ex- spousal death, in my opinipon is divorce. Divorce is also considered a disenfranchised grief. According to the Census Bureau, the median age at first marriage has risen from 23 for men and 20 for women in 1950 to 28 for men and 26 for women in 2009. Recent surveys have shown that divorce rates in the US now lowering due to factors such as completing college, starting careers, and finding the right person to marry. With that being stated divorce still happens among marriages and it affects more than just two people, children, friends, and even pets. Doka (1986) conducted in-depth interviews with eight surviving ex-spouses focusing on grief reactions to divorce and death and social dislocations adding to bereavement when death follows divorce. Guilt, anger, regret, role ambiguity, and discomfort were found in response to the divorce and death. Doka (1986) emphasized that although divorce ends a marriage, it does not end the relationship between the two persons. Former spouses maintain significant bonds including continued contact with shared children and mutual friends, as well as economic ties such as alimony, child support, and joint property. Continued emotional ties are also common as former spouses may have strong ambivalent feelings toward one another or even harbor fantasies of reconciliation. Doka (1986) found that half of his participants had experienced no significant grief reaction or social difficulties following the death. He attributed this to the fact that, prior to the death, these individuals had successfully resolved their divorce grief and disengaged from their ex-spouse. In contrast, the other half of the participant group experienced significant grief over the death, primarily because they had not yet resolved their pain and grief over the divorce. Doka (1986) found that the most common emotions experienced by the bereaved ex- spouses in his study were intense guilt and regret, as well as continued thoughts about what might have been. In the conclusion of the study he concluded that the level of grief experienced by a surviving ex-spouse is affected by a variety of complex factors. What are the next steps after the death of an ex- spouse? There is not just one correct answer to that question. Everyone is entitled to a healthy grieving process. Whether the death is accepted in society or not every individual should have the right to grieve the persons they loved. There are various ways to cope with grief and it will vary from person to person. Grief and bereavement groups, friends, family and even professional therapy are all ways an individual can use as coping strategies after a death occurs. Grief groups are known to be effective after losing a spouse. At the time of a death you may not realize that there are other people who experiencing the same grief, grief groups are a good way to receive help as well as educating yourself and others. Creating new hobbies or goals are great coping mechinisms as well for those grieving indiviuals. Being active with family and friends can aslo help cope during this difficult time. References Doka, K. (1986). Loss upon loss: The impact of death after divorce